Anusandhaan - Vigyaan Shodh Patrika

Folk-Geography and related terminology: with special reference to Rajasthan

2026-04-06T12:10:55+00:00

Folk-geographical knowledge of tribals, forest dwellers and rurals of Rajasthan is very rich. Various aspects of Folk-geography of the state have been described and discussed in the present paper. The rich terminology of Folk-geography of Rajasthan related to rains, water flow and storage system, mountain chain and rocks, forest and vegetation and wells and other man-made water storing structures is collected and presented in this paper.

Geological and Tectonic analysis of Shivalik range of northwestern Himalayas

2026-04-06T12:10:11+00:00

The fluvial sedimentary rocks deposited in the basins located to the south, facing the Himalayan orogenic chain, are known as the Siwalik Group. The study area of the present work, located in the foothills of the northwestern Himalayan region, villages Saketi and Kala Amb, Sirmaur district, Himachal Pradesh, exposes rocks from various units of the Lower, Middle, and Upper Siwalik subgroups. Based on the environmental conditions of deposition, these sediments are interpreted as continental deposits, characterized by fluvial deposits, alluvial fan deposits, and lake-borne deposits. Since the early nineteenth century, the rocks of the Siwalik Group have also been recognized for their rich and diverse fossil collection of fauna, especially vertebrates. Based on the study of the biological evolution of these fossils, the rocks of this age have been placed in the Middle Miocene-Pliocene-Pleistocene period. Signs of tectonic and neo-tectonic activity are also visible in the rocks of these Shivalik ranges at many places, the main ones being the Himalayan Frontal Thrust/Fault (HF T/F) in the south and the Nahan Thrust (NT) along with the Main Boundary Thrust/Fault (MBF) in the north.

Geological and Chemical Classification of the rocks of the Bundelkhand Granitoid Complex

2026-04-06T12:11:45+00:00

The Bundelkhand Granitoid Complex exposes three variants of the granites namely, pink, porphyritic granite, pink medium grained granite and greyish-white, medium to coarse grained granite. Based on modal distribution of specific minerals (K-feldspar, plagioclase feldspar and quartz) they all fall in the category of syenogranites as per IUGS nomenclature. Detailed petrological and chemical examination of these rocks has been attempted to understand their origin, the nature of the parent magma and the associated mineralization process.

Ocimum sanctum L.-Nature’s Polypharmacological Shield: A Comprehensive Review of Phytochemistry, Bioactivity, and Biomedical Potential

2026-04-06T12:11:56+00:00

Ocimum sanctum L. (Tulsi) has gained significant scientific attention as a versatile medicinal plant with exceptional therapeutic breadth, integrating traditional ethnomedicinal wisdom with modern biomedical potential. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of its phytochemical diversity, pharmacological activities, and mechanistic insights, emphasizing its relevance as a natural, polypharmacological defense system against contemporary diseases. Tulsi exhibits an extraordinary phytochemical repertoire comprising terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, sterols, fatty acids, and vitamins, many of which are responsible for its potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory actions. The essential oil fraction-rich in eugenol, β-caryophyllene, and methyl eugenol-imparts remarkable pharmacodynamic efficacy through free-radical scavenging, enzyme modulation, and immune regulation. Experimental findings demonstrate strong hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective effects, mediated by improved oxidative homeostasis and metabolic balance. The immunomodulatory and anticancer potential of Tulsi extracts further underscores its role in cellular protection and apoptosis regulation. Environmental and extraction-related factors, including solvent polarity and post-harvest conditions, significantly influence the metabolite profile, necessitating process standardization for reproducible outcomes. Collectively, the diverse biochemical interactions of Ocimum sanctum position it as a model medicinal plant for developing phytotherapeutics that complement synthetic drugs in managing oxidative, inflammatory, and degenerative disorders. Future translational research should focus on clinical validation, nanocarrier formulations, and molecular docking studies to unlock its full therapeutic potential.

Social Intelligence and Innovation Capacity of Primary Teachers in the Context of National Education Policy 2020: A Conceptual Analysis

2026-04-06T12:14:37+00:00

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 marks a historic step toward reforming and restructuring the Indian education system. Under this policy, the role of a primary school teacher is no longer confined to the dissemination of textbook knowledge; rather, teachers are envisioned as mentors and facilitators of holistic student development. In this context, a teacher’s Social Intelligence and Innovation Capacity play a crucial role in enhancing the quality and effectiveness of education.Social Intelligence encompasses a teacher’s self-awareness, understanding of interpersonal relationships, empathy, and communication skills — all of which enable effective interaction with students and colleagues. Meanwhile,Innovation Capacity reflects a teacher’s creative mindset, experimental attitude, and ability to adopt new pedagogical approaches.The study highlights that the interrelation between social intelligence and innovation capacity strengthens teachers’ professional competence while fostering creativity, critical thinking, and active learning among students.Adopting a conceptual approach, the research analyzes various literary sources, policy documents, and previous academic studies. The findings clearly suggest that integrating social and innovative skills among teachers is essential to realizing the vision of the NEP 2020. If these two dimensions are prioritized in teacher training programs, they can bring about positive changes in the quality of primary education. The integrated development of social intelligence and innovation capacity can significantly contribute to achieving the objectives of the NEP 2020 and fostering holistic student development.

Relevance of Value-Based Education in the Digital Age: A Conceptual Study

2026-04-06T12:14:47+00:00

This study presents an analysis of the relevance and necessity of value-based education in the digital age. The rapid technological revolution of the 21st century has made education more accessible, flexible, and individualized. However, along with these advancements, several moral and social challenges have also emerged, such as cyberbullying, the spread of misleading information, digital addiction, and social isolation. In such a context, the true integration of education should not be limited merely to technical skills or the ability to process information; rather, its primary goal should be the preservation and promotion of human values, moral sensibility, and socially responsible behavior.Value-based education develops qualities such as character formation, cooperation, moral reasoning, social responsibility, and balanced digital conduct among students. These traits are essential for effectively addressing the complex challenges of the digital era. The study conceptually highlights major themes like "digital citizenship," "critical thinking," and "digital empathy," emphasizing the need to harmonize technological progress with moral and ethical perspectives.The study asserts that if the educational system ensures the harmonious integration of human values with technological innovations, then the digital age can become not merely a means of information expansion but also a foundation for genuine human development and moral progress.

A study of access to menstrual hygiene products among female construction workers

2026-04-06T12:15:00+00:00

Menstrual hygiene is a significant health and social issue among female construction workers. This study aims to assess access and use of menstrual hygiene products among female construction workers. The study found that most female construction workers face a lack of hygiene products during menstruation, leading to physical, mental, and social health problems. The study also found that due to a lack of education and awareness, female construction workers do not understand the importance of menstrual hygiene. The results of this study point to the need to increase access and awareness of menstrual hygiene products among female construction workers. Governments and non-governmental organizations need to implement menstrual hygiene programs and provide them with hygiene products. The findings of this study are important for improving the health and well-being of female construction workers and can be useful for policymakers and program implementers.

Soil Pollution: Human Health and Food Security

2026-04-06T12:15:23+00:00

Soil pollution has a significant effect on both human health and the environment. Direct contact, inhalation, ingestion of contaminated soil or food grown in it lead to various health problems including respiratory issues, neurological disorders and even cancer.Soil pollution reduces soil fertility, impacting agricultural productivity and food security. The negative effects on ecosystems by biodiversity loss, disturbing mineral cycles and leading to water and air pollution as well.

Three Moments theorem vis-à-vis Moment Distribution method-A pragmatic approach

2026-04-06T12:16:15+00:00

The pragmatic approach regarding the three moment theorem versus moment distribution method has been in regular practice to get the moments on supports which has been always under confusion, about the resulting moments at support. The author’s title revealed through illustrations that resulting moments calculated on supports by applying both methods, result almost remained same.

Food Additives and Preservatives: Advances, Applications, and Health Implications

2026-04-06T12:16:25+00:00

Food additives and preservatives play a crucial role in the modern food industry by enhancing flavor, appearance, texture, and shelf life. Additives include a wide range of substances such as flavor enhancers, colorants, emulsifiers, and sweeteners, while preservatives are specifically used to inhibit microbial growth and delay spoilage. These compounds enable mass food production, long-distance transportation, and extended storage, making processed foods more accessible and convenient for consumers. However, the widespread use of synthetic additives and preservatives has raised public health concerns, including potential links to allergic reactions, behavioral changes, and long-term health effects. Regulatory bodies such as the FDA and EFSA strictly control their use, ensuring that only substances proven safe are permitted in food products. Increasing consumer awareness has also led to a growing demand for natural alternatives, prompting research into plant-based and bio-derived preservatives.

Cervical Spondylitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

2026-04-06T12:16:36+00:00

Cervical spondylitis is a degenerative disorder that occurs primarily due to the degeneration of the cervical cells and vertebral discs of the neck. This disease is the main cause of neck pain, nerve pressure, dizziness, numbness in hands, and reduced mobility in adults and elderly people,all around the world. Modern busy lifestyle, wrong sitting posture and excessive use of computer and mobile are increasing the prevalence of this disease.

Care Education in the Context of National Education Policy 2020

2026-04-06T08:00:21+00:00

Care Education is a new concept in educational word which is proposed by Nell Nodings. It is based on moral theory of care ethics which helps in character building of the child it helps to develop all the three domains (cognitive, effective and psychomotor) of personality, means it focuses on holistic development of the child which is the ultimate aim of education. The fundamental principles of NEP 2020 alsofocus on Care Education like identify or acceptance the specific capabilities of the child, flexibility of curriculam, development of human or ethical values, life skills and education as the Public Service. This research paper deals with the studies about Care Education in context to NEP 2020 part 1- ECCE and suggest some measures to develop social, emotional,& ethical values among children from the very early age.

Nobel laureates (year 2025) and their research-a review

2026-04-06T08:06:14+00:00

The short review of academic introduction, reputed honours received and research of Nobel laureates for year 2025 in the areas of Physiology-Medicine, Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Peace and Economics is given in the present article.

Projects Flowing in the Rain: A Critical Study of Namami Gange and the National River Conservation Plan

2026-04-06T08:19:41+00:00

This study provides a critical analysis of the actual progress and limitations of the Namami Gange and National River Conservation Programs implemented for river conservation in India. The problem of river pollution is exacerbated by increased rainwater flows, uncontrolled sewage, and industrial waste, resulting in many projects failing to meet their intended targets. While initiatives such as the construction of treatment plants, ghat development, and public participation are visible under the Namami Gange program, their impact remains unrealized, especially where local bodies lack adequate technical capacity. Similarly, the National River Conservation Plan achieved some improvement in its initial years, but its results were not sustained due to irregularities in financial allocation, weak monitoring mechanisms, and lack of departmental coordination. The study indicates that while the framework of the plans appears strong, practical difficulties in implementation make them vulnerable to the challenges of monsoon. This research adopts a qualitative approach, critically assessing the effectiveness of the plans based on a comparative review of previous research, analysis of relevant documents, and direct observations made on selected river banks.

Primary Teachers Teaching Effectiveness and Digital Technology Integration in the Context of the New Education Policy 2020: A Conceptual Analysis

2026-04-06T08:25:12+00:00

The National Education Policy 2020 has brought about a major transformation in the field of Indian primary education. Its primary objective is to promote quality and innovation in education, with a special emphasis on the role of digital technology. This paper is a conceptual study that deeply explores how primary teachers can make their teaching more effective by using digital tools, e-content, and modern technological strategies.This study demonstrates that the role of the teacher has changed in the current scenario. They are no longer merely a "traditional knowledge imparter," but have become a "digital mentor" and a guide for developing 21st-century skills. The research also analyzes the principles of technology integration, the TPACK model, teachers' competencies, and the practical challenges they face.In conclusion, this paper underlines that the appropriate and balanced use of technology can enliven the classroom environment and improve student learning. Finally, this conceptual model suggests that the actual success of NEP 2020 depends largely on how effectively we integrate digital technology with teaching effectiveness.

Teachers' Understanding of the Sustainable Development Goals and Its Reflection in Their Teaching Practices: A Conceptual Analysis

2026-04-06T08:37:43+00:00

In today's global context, the Sustainable Development Goals are becoming an increasingly important part of the education system. These goals aim not only to impart curriculum knowledge, but also to develop sensitive, responsible, and environmentally conscious citizens who understand and fulfil their role in society. In this regard, the role of teachers is considered central, as they directly shape students' values, thinking, and behaviour within the classroom. The primary objective of this conceptual research is to understand the extent to which teachers possess the Sustainable Development Goals, the depth to which they understand them, and how this understanding is reflected in their daily teaching practices. The study emphasizes that when teachers truly embrace the objectives and human significance of these goals, they are able to incorporate aspects such as environmental protection, ethical values, gender equality, social harmony, and global citizenship into their teaching.This study presents a conceptual framework that clarifies the relationship between teachers' understanding, their attitudes, and their actual classroom behavior. The findings suggest that if the Sustainable Development Goals are properly incorporated into teacher training programs, it is possible to develop students at the school level who are responsible, aware, and have a sustainable development-oriented mindset. This research thus provides useful guidance for education policymakers, teacher educators, and school administrators.

Destruction of Dharali: adverse consequences of unbalanced development

2026-04-06T09:20:16+00:00

What recently happened on 5 August 2025 in Dharali village of Uttarkashi district in Uttarakhand state, was not just a natural disaster, but it was an explosion of the combined effects of science, the environment, and human negligence. Dozens of lives were lost in this tragedy, hundreds of people went missing, and the entire village was engulfed in a deluge of water, debris and rocks in about 20 seconds. Dharali, a small but tourist destination situated on the Gangotri road in Uttarkashi district and it is an important village from pilgrimage point of view. Dharali is not an ordinary village, situated only 18 km away from Gangotri Dham, this village is a major center of pilgrimage for pilgrims.There is a halt. This region is located in the middle ranges of the Himalayas and is situated at an altitude of more than 2500 meters. Nearby is Bhagirathi, head of Ganga.The stream and several glacial streams flow through it. The rocks here are relatively young, brittle and unstable. This entire geographical situation makes it extremely Disaster-Makes sensitive.

Importance of scientific research in space

2026-04-06T09:25:56+00:00

Scientific research in space is of great importance. It is not only about our universe and our increases understanding, but also of new technologies and techniques to improve life on Earth also stimulates development. Scientific research in space is an important investment that not only provides scientific not only advances knowledge, but also helps improve life on Earth. Recently Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, the first Indian to enter the International Space Station under the Axiom 4 mission created history by becoming an astronaut. This mission is important for India's upcoming Gaganyaan program.It serves as preparation for the country's first independent human spaceflight, planned for 2026.

Green Jobs in India

2026-04-06T09:31:25+00:00

Green jobs are jobs that maintain, improve, or restore the quality of the environment helps to do. These jobs will not only promote economic development but also help in environmental protection. Plays an important role.  Green jobs have now emerged as a key component of the Sustainable Development Goals. More on the role of green jobs in driving economic growth while reducing environmental degradation. Emphasis has been given. Therefore, the idea of green jobs is now emerging as a key component of sustainable development. We know that sustainable development means meeting the needs of the present and ensuring that future generations can meet their own needs. In this way, green jobs are now becoming a new type of our way of life i.e. by becoming a confluence of economic life and environment. They are becoming important factors in bringing about order and appropriate changes in our behaviour.

Artificial Intelligence is revolutionizing healthcare

2026-04-06T09:37:27+00:00

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare services is the beginning of a new era, which is helping in making healthcare services more effective and efficient.Artificial intelligence is a technology that provides machines with human-like intelligence, allowing them to solve complex problems. There has been a growing interest in leveraging artificial intelligence to address healthcare gaps in India's healthcare system in recent years. Artificial intelligence technologies are pivotal in increasing efficiency, improving access to medical facilities, and potentially revolutionizing healthcare delivery in a country where resources are often scarce. Artificial intelligence is excellent at processing data and automating repetitive tasks.

Microgreen Cultivation-Green Revolution in India (2025)

2026-04-06T09:44:41+00:00

Rising urbanization, environmental degradation, and nutritional insecurity pose critical threats to public health Microgreens-young edible seedlings harvested within 7-14 days offer a sustainable, nutrient-dense solution. Rich in photochemical, antioxidants, and essential micronutrients, they surpass mature plants in functional value. Their cultivation requires minimal space, water, and inputs, making them ideal for urban and indoor farming. As a climate-resilient, eco-friendly innovation, microgreen farming holds potential for enhancing food security, promoting agricultural literacy, and building a self-reliant, nutrition-sensitive society, particularly in resource-limited settings.

Green Hydrogen: The Key to a Balanced Future for the Earth

2026-04-06T09:50:48+00:00

In the present era, human civilization stands at a turning point where developmentand establishing a balance between the environment became the greatest need. Increasing demand for energy, limitation of fossil fuels and climate change is serious challenges force us to think that in the times to come in which direction will the progress be? In this background, green hydrogen is a hope emerging as a ray. It is not only a source of energy, but also helps the earth.The key to moving on the path of pollution-free and sustainable development green hydrogen is a clean energy medium that produces no carbon emissionsnor does it harm the environment. Renewable energy in its productionsources, such as solar, wind and hydropower, are used to thus becomes sustainable and eco-friendly. This energy not only presents a viable option for industry, transportation and power generation, but energy also opens new doors to self-reliance and economic development.Today, when the whole world is moving towards the goal of net zero carbon emissions, green hydrogen can become the most powerful basis for this effort. This technology leads humanity towards an energy culture where progress is the meaning will not be related to the destruction of nature, but to its conservation.

Educational Status, Challenges, and Empowerment of Tribal Women in India

2026-04-06T09:56:44+00:00

The educational condition of tribal women in India has been a complex and long-standing challenge. This research paper presents a comprehensive and analytical study on this crucial issue. To gain a deeper understanding of the subject, we conducted an in-depth analysis of various government reports, census data, previous research studies, and policy documents.Our study reveals an alarming reality: despite several constitutional provisions and government schemes, the literacy rate among tribal women remains significantly low. This rate is not only much lower than the national average and that of the general female population, but also lags far behind tribal men. The research highlights the interlinked barriers—social, cultural, and economic—that restrict tribal girls from accessing education.These obstacles operate at multiple levels:Social and cultural factors,Economic constraints,Educational barriers.In this paper, we have also critically evaluated key government initiatives such as the Midday Meal Scheme, Residential Schools, and various Scholarship Programs. Our findings indicate a significant gap between policy intentions and ground-level implementation.Ultimately, this research emphasizes that education is not merely the acquisition of academic knowledge—it is a powerful tool for the economic, social, political, and psychological empowerment of tribal women. The paper urges for a holistic, inclusive, and culturally sensitive educational policy that addresses the real needs of tribal girls.We must strive to create a socio-economic environment that values education and ensures that tribal girls remain connected to the educational system rather than being left behind.

Medicinal Significance of Ziziphus jujuba

2026-04-06T10:04:39+00:00

Ziziphus jujuba is traditionally used by the locals to treat dandruff, arthritis, chronic constipation, acne, antibacterial, and cardiac diseases.Ziziphus jujuba is a safe and efficient herb for human intake and thus should be included in dietary intakes and as active constituents in pharmaceutical formulations. Every part of Ziziphus jujuba, the leaves, fruits and seeds demonstrate therapeutic properties. Various biological effects are summarized and discussed:anti-asthma action,antioxidant, antidiabetic action, hepatoprotective, gastrointestinal, antihypertensive etc. Apart from medicinal uses, the fruits of Ziziphus jujuba are edible and used in fresh and dried form.

Withania somnifera and its properties

2026-04-06T10:13:09+00:00

Withania somnifera commonly known as ashwagandha or Indian ginseng, is a medicinal shrub of the Solanaceae family widely used in Ayurvedic medicine. It synthesizes a class of steroidal lactones called withanolides together with alkaloids and other constituents that underline its diverse pharmacological activities notably adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory and anticancer effects.

Cyanobacteria and their uses

2026-04-06T07:07:32+00:00

Cyanobacteria or blue green algae are gram negative photosynthetic autotrophic prokaryotes. They are most primitive organisms which started to perform oxygen producing photosynthesis processes on this earth. Cyanobacteria are most successful, self-dependent organisms on this earth, survived for more than 3 billion years in almost all climatic conditions of earth. They may be unicellular, colonial or filamentous, fresh water or marine or terrestrial or even also epiphytic. Cyanobacterial colonies are generally surrounded with a gelatinous sheath. They added oxygen in earth’s atmosphere during early period of evolution of life. Their reserve food material is cyanophycean starch and protein. Bluegreen algae or Cyanobacteria are capable of converting atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium compounds. These organisms play very important role in ecosystem of earth and are very useful for us. Cyanobacteria are good source of energy, food and diet supplement, source of vitamins, minerals, with wide range of medicinal properties like potential antioxidants, immunomodulators, and even antitubercular, anticancer agents, source of bio fuels, bio fertilizer and bio herbicide, algaecide and pesticide. So well-studied and proper use of Cyanobacteria may act as boon for all organisms on this earth

Challenges of Data Privacy in the Digital Age: An Analytical Study

2026-04-06T08:30:38+00:00

In the digital age, data use is growing so rapidly that it impacts almost every aspect of human life. Consequently, data privacy has become a major global concern. Technologies such as smart phones, social media, cloud storage, and artificial intelligence have made the process of collecting, using, and sharing personal information extremely easy. However, problems such as privacy violations, data theft, cybercrime, and unauthorized data access are also rapidly increasing. This study focuses on understanding the risks associated with data privacy in the digital world, evaluating the effectiveness of current security measures, and assessing the level of privacy awareness among users. The findings show that despite the existence of data protection laws, encryption technologies, and multi-layered security systems, protecting data on digital platforms remains a significant challenge. The analysis also shows that alongside technological advancements, improving policies, digital literacy, and increasing transparency in the use of personal data is crucial to building a safe and trustworthy digital society.

Snake Venom and its Importance

2026-04-06T08:46:45+00:00

Snake venom is a biological substance made up of a complex mixture of enzyme, peptide & protein which affect human body in various ways. Conventionally, it is considered as poisonous but now days it is important in various field like medical research, antivenom production and drug designing. Present article deals with types of venom and various standard method of processing and storage of venom along with critical analysis of importance of venom in various fields. For analysis secondary causes from toxicity, Zoology Handbooks, research literature and data of WHO has been utilized. It address that for conservation of biological activity of venom, filtration and Freeze Drying techniques are required. It appears that snake venom is very costly commonly known as 'liquid gold' which is used in areas like medical field as well as in Environmental Science.

Ancient Indian Patiganita and Arithmetic Operations

2026-04-06T10:22:02+00:00

It is a well known fact that in ancient India Mathematics was quite developed. The base of all mathematics was believed to be Arithmetic. Those days all calculations were done on a wooden plank called falak or pati. For big calculations it obviously had space limitations. According to Brahmgupta (628 AD), only a person who knew twenty Arithmetics operations and eight determinations was a true mathematician. In this article out of those twenty, main eight operations will be studied and we will see how they were done on a pati. We will also try to understand how they are different from European style of calculations.

First Antarctica Gallery of the Country Established in Botanical Survey of India

2026-04-06T08:11:40+00:00

Antarctica is a coldest, driest place and fifth-largest continent in the world. The first Indian scientific expedition to Antarctica was launched in 1981 by the National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR) erstwhile National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research (NCAOR), Goa and made a compelling presence in the harshest and the coldest continent. Botanical Survey of India has also been part of the Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica (ISEA). BSI actively participated in 10 Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica (ISEA) since 1996 up to 2005 for Schirmacher Oasis - 2nd Indian Research Station i.e. Maitri. The 3rd Indian Research Station : Bharati at Antarctica from 2013 to till date. Lots of Schools, Colleges students, Faculty Members, Visitors, etc. are coming to visit BSI regularly for different purposes. They have shown keen interest to know about the Antarctica. As Antarctica is no men’s land and common people cannot visit to this place. So keeping this view in mind in public interest BSI has taken this initiative to establish this Antarctica Gallery.